[Oracle] 使用rman进行备份（全量、增量）


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0、修改rman默认配置参数

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CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 3; # 冗余三份
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION ON; #开启备份自动优化
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO BACKED UP 2 TIMES TO DISK; #归档日志删除策略，备份过两次可以删除
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON; #控制文件自动备份

1、数据库备份完之后，不删除归档，不删除多余备份

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#!/bin/bash
### sh rman_backup.sh ORACLE_SID(实例名)
export ORACLE_BASE=${ORACLE_BASE}
export ORACLE_HOME=${ORACLE_HOME}
export ORACLE_SID=$1
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$PATH
backuptime=`date +"%Y%m%d-%H%M%S"`
backuppath=/tmp/backuporacle
if [ ! -d ${backuppath} ];then
   sudo mkdir -p ${backuppath}
else
   :
fi

$ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman target / log=${backuppath}/full_backup_${backuptime}.log <<EOF
run{
allocate channel c1 device type disk;
allocate channel c2 device type disk;
allocate channel c3 device type disk;
allocate channel c4 device type disk;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup as compressed backupset full database format '/tmp/backuporacle/db_%d_%T_%U';
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup archivelog all format '/tmp/backuporacle/arch_%d_%T_%s_%p.bak';
backup current controlfile format '/tmp/backuporacle/ctl_%d_%T_%s_%p.bak';
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
release channel c3;
release channel c4;
}

exit

EOF

2、数据库备份完之后，直接删除归档（备份达到两次的归档不会再被备份，删除归档时会被删除

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#!/bin/bash
### sh rman_backup.sh ORACLE_SID(实例名)
export ORACLE_BASE=${ORACLE_BASE}
export ORACLE_HOME=${ORACLE_HOME}
export ORACLE_SID=$1
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$PATH
backuptime=`date +"%Y%m%d-%H%M%S"`
backuppath=/tmp/backuporacle
if [ ! -d ${backuppath} ];then
   sudo mkdir -p ${backuppath}
else
   :
fi

$ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman target / log=${backuppath}/full_backup_${backuptime}.log <<EOF
run{
allocate channel c1 device type disk;
allocate channel c2 device type disk;
allocate channel c3 device type disk;
allocate channel c4 device type disk;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup as compressed backupset full database format '/tmp/backuporacle/db_%d_%T_%U';
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup archivelog all format '/tmp/backuporacle/arch_%d_%T_%s_%p.bak' delete all input;
backup current controlfile format '/tmp/backuporacle/ctl_%d_%T_%s_%p.bak';
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
release channel c3;
release channel c4;
}

exit

EOF

3、根据冗余策略，删除多余的备份、删除多余的归档

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#!/bin/bash
### sh rman_backup.sh ORACLE_SID(实例名)
export ORACLE_BASE=${ORACLE_BASE}
export ORACLE_HOME=${ORACLE_HOME}
export ORACLE_SID=$1
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$PATH
backuptime=`date +"%Y%m%d-%H%M%S"`
backuppath=/tmp/backuporacle
if [ ! -d ${backuppath} ];then
   sudo mkdir -p ${backuppath}
else
   :
fi

$ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman target / log=${backuppath}/full_backup_${backuptime}.log <<EOF
run{
allocate channel c1 device type disk;
allocate channel c2 device type disk;
allocate channel c3 device type disk;
allocate channel c4 device type disk;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup as compressed backupset full database format '/tmp/backuporacle/db_%d_%T_%U';
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup archivelog all format '/tmp/backuporacle/arch_%d_%T_%s_%p.bak' delete all input;
backup current controlfile format '/tmp/backuporacle/ctl_%d_%T_%s_%p.bak';
delete noprompt obsolete;
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
release channel c3;
release channel c4;
}

exit

EOF

4、增量备份数据库

4.1、level 0 增量数据库备份

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#!/bin/bash
### sh rman_backup.sh ORACLE_SID(实例名)
export ORACLE_BASE=${ORACLE_BASE}
export ORACLE_HOME=${ORACLE_HOME}
export ORACLE_SID=$1
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$PATH
backuptime=`date +"%Y%m%d-%H%M%S"`
backuppath=/tmp/backuporacle
if [ ! -d ${backuppath} ];then
    sudo mkdir -p ${backuppath}
else
   :
fi

$ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman target / log=${backuppath}/full_backup_${backuptime}.log <<EOF
run{
allocate channel c1 device type disk;
allocate channel c2 device type disk;
allocate channel c3 device type disk;
allocate channel c4 device type disk;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 0 DATABASE FORMAT '/tmp/backuporacle/db_%d_%T_%U';
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup archivelog all format '/tmp/backuporacle/arch_%d_%T_%s_%p.bak' delete all input;
backup current controlfile format '/tmp/backuporacle/ctl_%d_%T_%s_%p.bak';
delete noprompt obsolete;
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
release channel c3;
release channel c4;
}

exit

EOF

4.2、level 1 差异增量备份数据库

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#!/bin/bash
### sh rman_backup.sh ORACLE_SID(实例名)
export ORACLE_BASE=${ORACLE_BASE}
export ORACLE_HOME=${ORACLE_HOME}
export ORACLE_SID=$1
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$PATH
backuptime=`date +"%Y%m%d-%H%M%S"`
backuppath=/tmp/backuporacle
if [ ! -d ${backuppath} ];then
   sudo mkdir -p ${backuppath}
else
   :
fi

$ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman target / log=${backuppath}/full_backup_${backuptime}.log <<EOF
run{
allocate channel c1 device type disk;
allocate channel c2 device type disk;
allocate channel c3 device type disk;
allocate channel c4 device type disk;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 DATABASE FORMAT '/tmp/backuporacle/db_%d_%T_%U';
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup archivelog all format '/tmp/backuporacle/arch_%d_%T_%s_%p.bak' delete all input;
backup current controlfile format '/tmp/backuporacle/ctl_%d_%T_%s_%p.bak';
delete noprompt obsolete;
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
release channel c3;
release channel c4;
}

exit

EOF

4.3、level 1 累积增量备份数据库

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#!/bin/bash
### sh rman_backup.sh ORACLE_SID(实例名)
export ORACLE_BASE=${ORACLE_BASE}
export ORACLE_HOME=${ORACLE_HOME}
export ORACLE_SID=$1
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$PATH
backuptime=`date +"%Y%m%d-%H%M%S"`
backuppath=/tmp/backuporacle
if [ ! -d ${backuppath} ];then
   sudo mkdir -p ${backuppath}
else
   :
fi

$ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman target / log=${backuppath}/full_backup_${backuptime}.log <<EOF
run{
allocate channel c1 device type disk;
allocate channel c2 device type disk;
allocate channel c3 device type disk;
allocate channel c4 device type disk;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 CUMULATIVE DATABASE FORMAT '/tmp/backuporacle/db_%d_%T_%U';
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup archivelog all format '/tmp/backuporacle/arch_%d_%T_%s_%p.bak' delete all input;
backup current controlfile format '/tmp/backuporacle/ctl_%d_%T_%s_%p.bak';
delete noprompt obsolete;
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
release channel c3;
release channel c4;
}

exit

EOF

4.4、可以查看增量备份的的数据大小，如果增量备份文件超过了20%，建议使用全量备份

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SELECT   FILE#, INCREMENTAL_LEVEL, COMPLETION_TIME,
         BLOCKS, DATAFILE_BLOCKS
FROM     V$BACKUP_DATAFILE
WHERE    INCREMENTAL_LEVEL > 0
AND      BLOCKS / DATAFILE_BLOCKS > .2
ORDER BY COMPLETION_TIME;
oracle
目录
  1. 1. 0、修改rman默认配置参数
  2. 2. 1、数据库备份完之后，不删除归档，不删除多余备份
  3. 3. 2、数据库备份完之后，直接删除归档（备份达到两次的归档不会再被备份，删除归档时会被删除
  4. 4. 3、根据冗余策略，删除多余的备份、删除多余的归档
  5. 5. 4、增量备份数据库
    1. 5.1. 4.1、level 0 增量数据库备份
    2. 5.2. 4.2、level 1 差异增量备份数据库
    3. 5.3. 4.3、level 1 累积增量备份数据库
    4. 5.4. 4.4、可以查看增量备份的的数据大小，如果增量备份文件超过了20%，建议使用全量备份

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